![]() To date, the scripts allowed stand at 23 by count, representing 37 languages (a script is a set of characters used to write one or multiple languages). Such teething issues, backward compatibility included, could have driven IDN owners up the wall but their seemingly meagre adoption worldwide, at the time, allowed a conflict-free transition. However, IDNA2008 disallowed around 8000 characters that used to be valid per IDNA2003 including all uppercase characters, full/half-width variants, symbols, and punctuation. The latter was then revised in 2008 ("IDNA2008"), approved in 2010 and still is the current recommended implementation. Originally proposed in 1996, IDNs were formally introduced circa 2003 (christened "IDNA2003") after the implementation guidelines version 1.0 was published. To support the various major global dialects in their native writing (scripts), IDNs were fronted. letters, digits and hyphens within domains. In the olden days of yore, looong before IDNs, the "LDH" (aka Letter-Digit-Hyphen) hostname convention reigned over the DNS and only permitted. Examples of IDN representations in ASCII IDN
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